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Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.
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Ginsenosides , Powders , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
@#AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization(CNV).<p>METHODS: A retrospective cohort study. This study included 46 patients(46 eyes)with myopic CNV who were treated with conbercept(conbercept group, 20 cases, 20 eyes)or ranibizumab(ranibizumab group, 26 cases, 26 eyes)from March 2015 to August 2019. Central macular thickness(CMT), the number of injections and complications measured by best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)were compared between the two groups before treatment and 1, 3, 6mo after treatment.<p>RESULTS: Before treatment, the BCVA(LogMAR)of conbercept and ranibizumab groups were 0.81±0.51, 0.83±0.66(<i>P</i>=0.900). After treatment, the BCVA(LogMAR)in the conbercept group at 1, 3 and 6mo were 0.59±0.33, 0.49±0.34, 0.44±0.32, in the ranibizumab group were 0.53±0.54, 0.47±0.47, 0.40±0.43. The BCVA was significantly improved in both groups after treatment(all <i>P</i><0.001). Before treatment, the CMT of conbercept and ranibizumab groups were 242.30±73.27, 233.38±66.63μm(<i>P</i>=0.669). After treatment, the CMT in the conbercept group at 1, 3, and 6mo were 217.00±54.78, 208.65±55.38, 206.00±45.34μm, in the ranibizumab group were 197.42±50.47, 198.38±55.19, 192.15±51.97μm. The CMT was significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(all <i>P</i><0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of injections, BCVA and CMT at each follow-up time points between conbercept and ranibizumab groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05). Systemic adverse reactions and serious ocular complications were not found during the treatment period.<p>CONCLUSION: Intravitreal conbercept or ranibizumab provide similar efficacy to improve the BCVA and reduce the CMT in the patients with myopic CNV. Both conbercept and ranibizumab could be a choice of treatment for myopic CNV.
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The global incidence of breast cancer has increased year by year. Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate in female patients with malignant tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has made great contribution to health of human being， improving the overall curative effect， reducing the patients' pain， improving the quality of life and alleviating adverse reactions in patients. TCM and its active compounds can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest， invasion， metastasis and reversing multidrug resistance. The effect of the compounds in TCM is obvious on inducing the arrest of the breast cancer cells cycle. It′s a novel method to fight against breast cancer by influencing the progress of the breast cancer cell cycle and inducing the cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Lots of studies have shown that the G2/M phase checkpoint which transition from gap-phase （G2 phase） to mitotic phase （M phase） in the cell cycle is the key point for cell survival or death. Many antitumor drugs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells through the cell cycle arrest. We summarized the domestic and foreign literatures in recent years， and comprehensively explained the research progress on the related regulatory molecules in G2/M arrest. In addition， we summarized and sorted out the researches on the methods and ways of alkaloids， polysaccharides， terpenes， flavonoids， saponins and other active compounds of TCM in inducing the G2/M arrest of human breast cancer cells. By summarizing the active compounds of various Chinese medicines in inducing G2/M arrest of breast cancer cells， and reviewing the research progress on mechanism of active TCM compounds for inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells， we will， in this paper， investigate the mechanism of active TCM compounds for inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells through inducing G2/M arrest of human breast cancer cells， so as to provide a scientific basis for in-depth research on the anti-breast cancer mechanism of the active compounds in TCM.
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Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is a Chinese herbal medicine that promotes blood circulation to remove blood stasis, nourishes blood to tranquilize the mind, and cools blood to disperse carbuncles. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has microcirculation-improving, blood vessel-dilating, atherosclerosis-preventing, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and blood pressure-and blood lipid-lowering activities. As research progresses, the chemical composition, pharmacological effect, and clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma have attracted much attention. We reviewed the research progress in this field. Based on the concept of quality marker(Q-marker) in traditional Chinese medicine, the Q-markers of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of quality transfer, traceability, ingredient specificity, association between ingredients and pharmacological effects, ingredient predictability, and compounding environment. This review provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its preparations.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Roots , Rhizome , Salvia miltiorrhizaABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes for machinery ventilates patients. Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang Database, CNKI and VIP were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of TIMT on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes from establishment to July 1st, 2018. Two researchers strictly evaluated literature quality and extracted information, and then a Meta-analysis was carried out. Results:A total of 14 literatures were included with 650 patients, 323 cases in the experimental group and 327 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the massive inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased (MD = -6.65, 95%CI -8.27~-5.03, P < 0.001), the respiratory muscle strength increased (MD = -5.04, 95%CI -7.68~-2.04, P = 0.0002), the weaning time reduced (MD = -1.01, 95%CI -1.65~-0.37, P = 0.002), the mechanical ventilation time shortened (MD= -2.24, 95%CI -4.33~-0.15, P = 0.04), as well as the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (MD= -3.41, 95%CI -6.06~-0.76, P= 0.01). There was no significant difference in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (MD= 1.22, 95%CI -6.55~9.00, P = 0.76), the rate of reintubation/tracheotomy (RR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.56~1.73, P = 0.96) and mortality (RR= 1.05, 95%CI 0.53~2.06, P = 0.89) between two groups. Conclusion:TIMP could improve MIP and respiratory muscle strength of patients with mechanical ventilation, shorten the weaning time, the mechanical ventilation time and the ICU length of stay, and then reduce the incidence of weaning failure.
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Objective To observe the T cells immune response to Enolase (Eno),an immunodominant antigen of Candida albicans.Methods Determined the frequencies of positive spot-forming cells (SFCs) of Eno antigen-specific T cells secreting IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A in the PBMCs of 25 healthy individuals by ELISPOT assay.Results After Eno stimulation,the SFCs of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL 17A in 25 healthy persons were 14.00(8.50,39.00),0(0,0) and 2(1,4.50),respectively.Either the SFCs of IFN-γ or those of IL-17A were significantly higher than those of IL-4 (P＜0.05).The difference between SFCs of IFN-γ and those of IL-17A was also significant (P=0).The response rates of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-17A were 100％ (25/25),4.00％ (1/25) and 88.00％ (22/25),respectively.The difference between either IFN-γor IL 17A and IL-4 was significant (values all P＜0.05).Eno induced strong response (SCFs≥20) for IFN-γ in 10 healthy individuals (40.00％,10/25),but failed to induce strong response for IL-17A and IL-4 in all the volunteers.Major healthy individuals (84.00％,21/25)showed both Th1 and Th17 cells response against Eno,12.00％ (3/25) showing Th1 cells response in isolation,and none showed Th2 or Th17 cells response individually.Conclusion Eno of Candida albicans could induce immunodominant responses of Th1 and Th17 cells,which was considered to provide protection to IC.Eno might be a potential protective vaccine against IC.
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DNA barcoding involves the standardized use of one or a few DNA regions to tell species apart. It represents a hotspot of biological studies and one of the most rapid development directions of biology in recent years. Herein, we reviewed the development and current advances of plant DNA barcoding, focusing on the prospect of ultra-barcode in the identification of closely related species; The applications of DNA barcodes in the identification of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the identification of genuine medicinal material and medicine traceability system. We also emphasized that the plant DNA barcoding will play an important role in the evaluation, protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. This review may offer a new idea for the proceeding studies of medicinal plant DNA barcoding.
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Objective To assess the academic level of randomized controlled trial abstracts in papers on budesonid adjuvant therapy for children pneumonia and analyze its influencing factors. Methods The randomized controlled tri-al abstracts in papers on budesonid adjuvant therapy for children pneumonia were assessed according to the CON-SORT 2010 Statement and were statistically analyzed using the RevMan 5 . 3 . Results The items with a low reporting rate of the randomized controlled trial abstracts in the 282 papers included in this paper were "title judged as ran-dom","communication author","randomized","blind method","randomized grouping cases","fund-suppor-ted". Hierarchical analysis showed that the number of words in abstracts played an important role in affecting the reported items. Conclusion The academic level of randomized controlled trial abstracts in papers on budesonid adju-vant therapy for children pneumonia is significantly different from that of the abstracts in clinical papers according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement. Researchers should thus use the CONSORT 2010 Statement-defined items in writing their papers in order to improve the academic level and readability of their abstracts.
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OBJECTIVE: To use montmorillonite as the carrier of matrine. METHODS: Urea was used to insert into the montmorillonite interlayer by solid-phase grinding method. After this process, the matrine was loaded by the solution blending to obtain montmorillonite/matrine nanocomposite. RESULTS: XRD and FT-IR showed that the urea was intercalated into the montmorillonite layers, and the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was enlarged from ca. 1.2 to 1.7 nm. With the help of the urea, the matrine was successfully loaded into the montmorillonite layers, at the same time the interlayer distance of the montmorillonite was further increased to 1.86 nm. In vitro release experiments displayed that the release of montmorillonite/matrine composite accorded with the Higuchi e-quation, indicating that the montmorillonite could sustain the release of matrine. MTT measurement showed that the montmorillonite/matrine nanocomposite has significant cytotoxicity on human gastric cancer cells (SGC7901). CONCLUSION: This research suggests the feasibility of montmorillonite as the sustained release carrier for the matrine and other alkaloids drug, and provides the evidence for montmorillonite in the pharmaceutical field as drug carriers.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of internal carotid artery after ablation of malignant tumors in lateral skull base.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four male patients with malignant tumors in lateral skull base involved internal carotid artery underwent surgical treatment during Jan 2006 to Jan 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. MRI, CT and DSA were performed in all patients and showed that petrous internal carotid arteries (PICAs) were invaded, with luminal narrow. After radical dissection of tumors and the invaded PICAs, saphenous veins were used to reconstruct the PICAs. All cases were applied with postoperative concomitant radiochemotherapy. Three cases underwent total resection of temporal bone and one case underwent sub-total resection of temporal bone. Retrusion of facial nerve was performed in one case and reconstruction of facial nerve in three cases; Resection of sigmoid sinus and jugular foramen was performed in three cases. Resection and repair of meninges were performed in three cases. Free abdominal rectus and latissimus dorsi muscle myocutaneous flaps were used to repair the defect of lateral skull base and the flaps were well survived.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant neurovascular complications occurred in the patients. Postoperative DSA showed that the reconstructed PICAs were in well conditions. Follow up showed two patients survived tumor-free for five years, one patient had recurrence three years after operation and survived with tumor, and one patient died of recurrence one year after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reconstruction of PICA by saphenous vein offered the possibility of radical resection of malignant tumors in lateral skull base involved PICAs.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carotid Artery, Internal , Pathology , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Vascular Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods: Seven male patients with multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer underwent surgical treatment during Jan. 2002 to Jan. 2008. Their clinical data, including the adjuvant examination method, clinical staging, pathological types, and operative methods, postoperative complications, and long-term outcomes, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Six patients were confirmed to have the disease before operation, and one patient was pathologically confirmed after operation. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma, with all the thoracic esophageal lesions and four hypopharyngeal lesions being well-differentiated, and three hypopharyngeal lesions being moderately differentiated. All cases underwent total laryngectomy, total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy, and were reconstructed with gastropharyngostomy. There was no perioperative death and the swallowing function recovered satisfactorily after operation in all cases. One patient had postoperative pleural effusion and one had postoperative wound infection, which were cured after conservative treatment. All patients were followed up. One patient survived tumor-free for five years, two patients died two years after operation due to recurrence, and one died 10 months after operation due to local recurrence and bleeding. Conclusion: Multiple primary hypopharyngeal cancer and thoracic esophageal cancer have similar characteristics, and various adjuvant examinations should be used routinely to avoid missed diagnosis. Total hypopharyngectomy and total esophagectomy combining reconstruction with gastropharyngostomy are easy to perform; they can be the first choice for the condition.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of stathmin gene and its coding protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore the relationship between stathmin gene and the biological behaviors of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma for understanding the tumorigenicity and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Laryngeal carcinoma tissues (studying group) in the tumors center and laryngeal normal tissues (control group) parted from 1.0 cm of the safe borderline of the tumors were took from 38 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma while they were in operation. Semiquantitative method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression level of stathmin mRNA, and immunohistochemical staining (frozen section) was used to detect the expressions of stathmin protein, in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and laryngeal normal tissues of 38 cases, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>mRNA of stathmin gene was all positively expressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and in laryngeal normal tissues of 38 cases by RT-PCR. However, stathmin mRNA was obviously overexpressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues than that in laryngeal normal tissues (t = 9.655, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed stathmin protein was positively expressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of 26 cases (26/38, 68.4%), and mild-positively expressed in laryngeal normal tissues in 13 cases (13/38, 34.2%). There was significant difference between the expression rate of stathmin protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and in laryngeal normal tissues (chi2 = 8.901, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of stathmin mRNA and the positive-expressed rate of stathmin protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the advanced stage patients group (III stage and IV stage) were significantly higher than these in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of I and II stage patients group (t = 6.284, chi2 = 5.810, P < 0.05), and they were also significantly higher in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the patients group with cervical lymph node metastasis than in laryngeal carcinoma tissues of the patients group without cervical lymph node metastasis (t = 9.350, chi2 = 6.923, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression levels of stathmin gene and protein were significantly higher in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma than these in laryngeal normal tissues, the levels are also significantly higher in advanced stage patients group (III stage and IV stage) than in the early stage patients group (I and II), and they are also related to the cervical lymph node metastasis of carcinoma. Stathmin gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma and may be related to its prognosis.</p>